TABLE 3. EMF effects on variance in body weight of mammals. The studies that used low-frequency fields and presented sufficient data to permit analysis are included. The means ± SD are listed; the number of animals is given in parentheses. M, male; F, female. In most of the studies, the average value of the body weight was chosen as the basis of comparison. but this need not have been the case because there is no logical or biological requirement that the average weight of the exposed animals should be altered as a consequence of powerline EMF exposure as a condition for accepting the conclusion that powerline EMFs were detected by the animal. The variance is also an appropriate statistic for assessing whether powerline EMFs were detected by the body, and it is logically as probative of the occurrence of detection as is the average. The statistical tests for the means were t-tests, which were performed by the investigators. The tests for variance (F tests) were performed by me. The F value and the corresponding probability are listed in the last two columns. The rejection region for F is P < 0.025, which corresponds to a probability of type-1 error of P < 0.05.
REF NO. |
SPECIES |
EMF |
EXPOSURE DURATION |
SEX |
BODY WEIGHT (gms) |
F |
P | |||
Exp. No. |
Control |
EMF |
||||||||
1 |
Pigs |
30 kV/m 60 Hz |
Conception- birth |
1 |
M |
536 ± 74.2 (28) |
553 ± 157.5 (56) |
b4.50 |
<0.001 | |
|
F |
510 ± 91.7 (29) |
518 ± 135.0 (56) |
b2.16 |
0.015 | |||||
2 |
M |
576 ± 129.2 (29) |
532 ± 109.3 (71) |
b1.40 |
0.130 | |||||
F |
573 ± 123.8 (29) |
a488 ± 118.0 (71) |
b1.10 |
0.36 | ||||||
2 |
Monkeys |
2 gauss 20 V/m 72-80 Hz |
1 year |
M |
2290 ± 510 (14) |
a3060 ± 470 (14) |
1.18 |
0.39 | ||
F |
1290 ± 700 (16) |
1260 ± 920 (16) |
1.73 |
0.15 | ||||||
3 |
Rats |
150 kV/m 60 Hz |
Conception- 21 days |
M |
47 ± 6.7 (56) |
45 ± 13.7 (58) |
b4.18 |
<0.001 | ||
F |
43 ± 8.2 (56) |
44 ± 12.9 (58) |
b2.47 |
<0.001 | ||||||
4 |
Rats |
80 kV/m 60 Hz |
Conception- weaning |
1 |
M |
66.5 ± 31.1 (123) |
65.6 ± 35.4 (148) |
1.29 |
0.070 | |
F |
60.8 ± 29.4 (119) |
59.4 ± 25.8 (126) |
1.30 |
0.075 | ||||||
2 |
M |
45.1 ± 27.9 (268) |
42.9 ± 40.0 (220) |
2.06 |
<0.001 | |||||
F |
42.7 ± 20.6 (295) |
42.7 ± 31.2 (270) |
2.29 |
<0.001 | ||||||
3 |
M |
41.7 ± 16.4 (188) |
41.9 ± 29.6 (199) |
3.25 |
<0.001 | |||||
F |
38.9 ± 15.7 (204) |
41.3 ± 28.8 (208) |
3.36 |
<0.001 | ||||||
5 |
Rats |
3. kV/m 4. 45 Hz |
36 days |
M |
414 ± 17 (47) |
a362 ± 9 (47) |
3.57 |
<0.001 | ||
6, 7 |
Rats |
2. kV/m 3. 45 Hz |
28 days |
1 |
M |
398.5 ± 30.1 (16) |
395.9 ± 40.6 (16) |
1.82 |
0.13 | |
|
||||||||||
2 |
M |
349.1 ± 29.3 (16) |
358.1 ± 25.5 |
1.32 |
0.30 | |||||
3 |
M |
398.6 ± 34.2 (16) |
388.3 ± 21.3 (16) |
2.58 |
0.038 | |||||
a P < 0.05, compared with control mean
b Contains round-off error due to uncertainty in sample size
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